Animal Model of Parkinson’s disease 帕金森病動物(wù)模型建立之:
Rotenone 魚藤酮(魚藤精)
搜索關鍵詞:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) 帕金森病;Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Inhibitor 線粒體呼吸鏈抑制劑;Complex I 呼吸鏈複合物(wù)I;Pesticide 殺蟲劑;Rotenone 魚藤酮;CAS:83-79-4;
帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)病理特征:
帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是僅次于阿爾茨海默病之後,第二大常見(jiàn)的慢(màn)性神經衰退疾病。
PD的主要病理特征有:中腦(nǎo)黑(hēi)質緻密區(SNc)多(duō)巴胺能(néng)神經元變性死亡,紋狀體多(duō)巴胺(dopamine,DA)含量顯著減少,黑(hēi)質殘存神經元胞質内出現嗜酸性包涵體,也稱路(lù)易小(xiǎo)體(Lewy bodies)。從(cóng)作用機(jī)制角度來看(kàn),多(duō)巴胺能(néng)神經元的死亡與線粒體功能(néng)障礙、氧化應激、神經炎症、不完全的自(zì)吞噬或蛋白(bái)酶體蛋白(bái)解等密切相(xiàng)關。除多(duō)巴胺能(néng)受體外,PD還(hái)對中樞神經系統許多(duō)其它區域的功能(néng)造成影響,比如迷走神經背核、麥納爾底核的膽堿能(néng)神經元、藍斑的去甲腎上(shàng)腺素能(néng)神經元和下(xià)丘腦(nǎo)。總而言之,這些黑(hēi)質紋狀體外區域可能(néng)表達出大量的非運動症狀,包括:睡(shuì)眠障礙、抑郁、認知損傷、嗅覺喪失、便秘、大小(xiǎo)便失禁和自(zì)主神經功能(néng)障礙。
帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)模型建立:
建立PD的動物(wù)模型分為(wèi)兩類:遺傳性(genetic)和神經毒性(neurotoxic)動物(wù)模型。
常見(jiàn)的神經毒性PD動物(wù)模型建立方法有:1)6-羟基多(duō)巴胺(6-Hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA);2)1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(1- methyl -4- phenyl -1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine,MPTP);3)百草(cǎo)枯(paraquat);4)魚藤酮(Rotenone);
其他不常見(jiàn)的黑(hēi)質紋狀體神經毒性模型建立方法有:1)利血平(Reserpine);2)α-甲基對位酪氨酸(α-methylparatyrosine);3)安非他命(amphetamine);4)異喹啉衍生(shēng)物(wù);5)脂多(duō)糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS )。
魚藤酮對帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)的誘導效應:
誘導機(jī)制:魚藤酮具極強的脂溶性,能(néng)快速穿透血腦(nǎo)屏障進入細胞,不需要特定的轉運體。魚藤酮産生(shēng)神經毒性的機(jī)制主要依賴于其強效的線粒體轉運複合物(wù)I的抑制活性。
誘導病征:當使用慢(màn)性低(dī)劑量方案誘導PD模型【文獻1】,産生(shēng)選擇性的黑(hēi)質紋狀體神經衰退和α-突觸核蛋白(bái)陽性的細胞質小(xiǎo)體特征。
魚藤酮誘導方法的應用前景:1)大腦(nǎo)中具廣泛的複合物(wù)I抑制性,黑(hēi)質紋狀體通(tōng)路(lù)(nigrostriatal pathway)出現選擇性神經衰退,從(cóng)而了解到(dào)黑(hēi)質多(duō)巴胺能(néng)神經元本質上(shàng)易受攻擊;2)PD模型細胞死亡病理性機(jī)制與複合物(wù)I抑制的關聯系認知加強;3)慢(màn)性低(dī)劑量神經毒性方案用來誘導路(lù)易斯體很是必要;4)魚藤酮模型的成功建立,使科研工(gōng)作者更好認識到(dào)環境源藥物(wù)在偶發性PD發生(shēng)中發揮的作用。
文獻1:Betarbet R, et al. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat Neurosci. 2000 Dec;3(12):1301-6.
PD模型建立方法(魚藤酮):
1. 文獻來源:Betarbet R, et al. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson's disease. Nat Neurosci. 2000 Dec;3(12):1301-6.
目的:建立一(yī)種精确的體内PD動物(wù)模型,能(néng)産生(shēng)進行性、選擇性的黑(hēi)質紋狀體多(duō)巴胺能(néng)神經衰退和路(lù)易斯體,以研究系統性複合物(wù)I缺陷的關聯系,并解釋魚藤酮在PD疾病發展中潛在作用。
方法:以雄性Sprague Dawley和Lewis rats (300−350 g; approximately 2 months old) 為(wèi)研究對象,将溶于等體積DMSO:PEG的魚藤酮裝入植入式膠囊滲透壓泵(Alzet osmotic mini pumps,models 2ML4 or 2ML1),對照(zhào)小(xiǎo)鼠隻給溶劑DMSO:PEG(1:1)。按照(zhào)2.5-2.75mg/kg/day的劑量持續性給藥1-5周,分别用銀(yín)染法(byFD Neurosilver kit)和熒光(guāng)探針Fluoro-Jade B來檢測神經末梢衰退性狀況,以及黑(hēi)質紋狀體多(duō)巴胺能(néng)神經元細胞體形成情況。
圖片描述:Degeneration of nerve terminals and cell bodies of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in perfusion-fixed brain sections. Sections were taken from rats that received 2.5−2.75 mg/kg per day rotenone for 1−5 weeks. (a, b) Silver staining in the striatum. (a) In a rat with a partial lesion (2.5 mg/kg per day for 7 days), silver deposits (gray material denoted by red arrows) were restricted to focal regions devoid of TH-immunoreactivity (brown reaction product). Silver grains and deposits indicate the presence of degenerating nerve terminals. Unaffected striatal regions and cortex lacked silver grains. ctx, cortex. Scale bar, 1 mm. (b) In a rat with an almost complete lesion (2.5 mg/kg per day for 33 days), there was widespread silver staining throughout the striatum (red arrows). Scale bar, 200µm. (c−f) Silver staining in substantia nigra. (c) In vehicle-infused rats, silver deposits were never seen in cell bodies or processes. (d, e) Nigral neurons containing silver grains were present, along with normal cells, in rotenone-treated animals with partial denervation of striatum. Arrowheads indicate presence of silver grains in dendrites. (f) Silver grains were present throughout cell bodies and dendrites of degenerating nigral neurons in rats with near complete denervation of striatum. Scale bar, 10µm. (g, h) Fluoro-Jade B histochemistry in substantia nigra. (g) In vehicle-infused rats, no Fluoro-Jade B positive neurons were detected. (h) In rotenone-treated rats, numerous Fluoro-Jade B positive neurons (white arrows) were seen in substantia nigra. Scale bar, 30µm.
2. 文獻來源:Cannon JR, et al. A highly reproducible rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2009 May; 34(2):279-90.
目的:開(kāi)發和鑒定一(yī)種重複性、連續性的魚藤酮誘導的PD動物(wù)模型。通(tōng)過組織學、神經化學和行為(wèi)特征三個(gè)方面來鑒定模型的成功與否。
方法:魚藤酮先溶于100%DMSO配制成50×儲存液,稀釋于中鏈的甘油三酯,Miglyol 812 N中,使得最終濃度為(wèi)2.75或3.0 mg/ml魚藤酮,溶劑為(wèi)98% Miglyol 812 N+2% DMSO,漩渦混勻得到(dào)穩定的乳劑(emulsion)。一(yī)周新鮮制備2-3次,裝入棕色安剖瓶,避光(guāng)保存。按照(zhào)1ml/kg的體積給藥,或者給溶劑對照(zhào)。
魚藤酮的基本特性:
1)CAS NO:83-79-42)化學名:(2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,12,12a-Tetrahydro-8,9-dimethoxy-2-(1-methylethenyl)-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b] furo [2,3-h][1]benzopyran-6(6aH)-one
3)同義名:Nicouline; Tubatoxin; NSC 8505; NSC 26258;
4)分子式:C23H22O6
5)分子量:394.4
6)純度:≥95%
7)外觀:白(bái)色至淺黃色粉末
8)溶解性:溶于乙醇(5 mM),DMSO(100 mM)
9)化學結構圖:
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貨号 |
産品名稱 |
CAS NO. |
規格 |
價格(元) |
貨期 |
MX7451-1G |
Rotenone 魚藤酮(魚藤精) |
83-79-4 |
1g |
350 |
現貨 |
MX7451-5G |
Rotenone 魚藤酮(魚藤精) |
83-79-4 |
5g |
1100 |
現貨 |
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